<br> ^{1}$ <p>本项目包含了由THUNLP开发的知网核心数据和openhownetapi，为在知网中搜索信息、显示义素树、通过义素计算词的相似度等提供了一种方便的方法，您也可以访问我们的website来享受在线搜索和展示单词义素的乐趣。在</p><p>如果您在研究中使用OpenHowNet提供的任何数据或API，请引用以下论文：</p><p>知网核心数据文件（）由223767个中英文单词和短语表示的概念组成。HowNet中的每个概念都使用基于词素的定义、词性标记、情感或词性、示例等进行注释。以下是如何在HowNet中注释概念的示例：</p> ^{pr2}$ <ul><li>Python==3.6</li><li>任意树==2.4.3</li><li>tqdm==4.31.1</li><li>请求==2.22.0</li></ul><ul><li>通过pip安装（推荐）</li></ul><pre>pip install OpenHowNet </pre><ul><li>通过Github安装</li></ul><pre>git clone https://github.com/thunlp/OpenHowNet/ <span>cd</span> OpenHowNet/OpenHowNet bash merge.sh </pre><table><thead><tr><th>interfaces</th><th>description</th><th>params</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>get(self, word, language=None)</td><td>Search all information annotated with a word.</td><td>^{<cd2>} is the target word. ^{<cd3>} is ^{<cd4>}(English) or ^{<cd5>}(Chinese), searching in both languages by default.</td></tr><tr><td>get_sememes_by_word(self, word, structured=False, lang='zh', merge=False, expanded_layer=-1)</td><td>Search sememes of the target word. You can choose whether multiple senses in the result are merged, whether the result itself is structured, and the expand layers of the tree.</td><td>^{<cd2>} is the target word. ^{<cd3>} is ^{<cd4>}(English) or ^{<cd5>}(Chinese). ^{<cd10>} denotes whether the result is structured. ^{<cd11>} denotes whether the result is merged. ^{<cd12>} is number of expanded layers and -1 means expand all layers.</td></tr><tr><td>initialize_sememe_similarity_calculation(self)</td><td>Initialize the implementation of ad【【微信】】late sememe-based word similarity. It may take some time to read necessary files.</td></tr><tr><td>calculate_word_similarity(self, word0, word1)</td><td>Calculate similarity of two words. You need to run last initialization command before calling this function.</td><td>^{<cd13>} and ^{<cd14>} represents the words you are 【【微信】】.</td></tr><tr><td>get_nearest_words_【【微信】】elf, word, K=10)</td><td>Get the nearest K words to the target word with similarity calculated 【【微信】】.</td><td>^{<cd2>} is the target word, ^{<cd16>} is "top K" in k nearest neighbors.</td></tr><tr><td>get_sememe_relation(self, sememe0, sememe1)</td><td>Get the relationship between two sememes.</td><td>^{<cd17>} and ^{<cd18>} represent the sememes you are 【【微信】】.</td></tr><tr><td>get_sememe_via_relation(self, sememe, relation, lang='zh')</td><td>Get all sememes that ha【【微信】】ith the input sememe.</td><td>^{<cd19>} is the target sememe, ^{<cd20>} is the target relation, ^{<cd3>} is ^{<cd4>}(English) or ^{<cd5>}(Chinese).</td></tr></tbody></table><h4>初始化</h4><pre><span>import</span><span>OpenHowNet</span><span>hownet_dict</span><span>=</span><span>OpenHowNet</span><span>.</span><span>HowNetDict</span><span>()</span></pre><p>如果您没有下载知网数据，则会发生错误。在这种情况下，您需要先运行。在</p><h4>在知网中获取单词注释</h4><p>默认情况下，api将在知网的英文和中文注释中搜索目标单词，这将导致大量的搜索开销。注意，如果HowNet注释中不存在目标单词，这个api将简单地返回一个空列表。在</p><pre><span>&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span>result_list</span><span>=</span><span>hownet_dict</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>"苹果"</span><span>)</span><span>&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span>print</span><span>(</span><span>len</span><span>(</span><span>result_list</span><span>))</span><span>6</span><span>&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span>print</span><span>(</span><span>result_list</span><span>[</span><span>])</span><span>{</span><span>'Def'</span><span>:</span><span>'{computer|电脑:modifier={PatternValue|样式值:CoEvent={able|能:scope={bring|携带:patient={$}}}}{SpeBrand|特定牌子}}'</span><span>,</span><span>'en_grammar'</span><span>:</span><span>'noun'</span><span>,</span><span>'zh_grammar'</span><span>:</span><span>'noun'</span><span>,</span><span>'No'</span><span>:</span><span>'127151'</span><span>,</span><span>'syn'</span><span>:</span><span>[{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'004024'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'IBM'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'041684'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'戴尔'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'049006'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'东芝'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'106795'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'联想'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'156029'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'索尼'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'004203'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'iPad'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019457'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记本'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019458'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记本电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019459'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记本电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019460'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记本电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019461'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记本电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019463'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记簿电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019464'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记簿电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'020567'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'便携式电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'020568'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'便携式计算机'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'020569'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'便携式计算机'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'127224'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'平板电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'127225'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'平板电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'172264'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'膝上型电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'172265'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'膝上型电脑'</span><span>}],</span><span>'zh_word'</span><span>:</span><span>'苹果'</span><span>,</span><span>'en_word'</span><span>:</span><span>'apple'</span><span>}</span><span>&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span>hownet_dict</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>"test_for_non_exist_word"</span><span>)</span><span>[]</span></pre><p>您可以将检索到的HowNet结构化义素注释（“义素树”）可视化如下（K=2表示只显示由输入词表示的两个概念的义素树）</p><pre><span>&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span>hownet_dict</span><span>.</span><span>【【微信】】s</span><span>(</span><span>"苹果"</span><span>,</span><span>K</span><span>=</span><span>2</span><span>)</span><span>Find</span><span>6</span><span>result</span><span>(</span><span>s</span><span>)</span><span>Display</span><span>#0 sememe tree</span><span>[</span><span>sense</span><span>]</span><span>苹果</span><span>└──</span><span>[</span><span>None</span><span>]</span><span>computer</span><span>|</span><span>电脑</span><span>├──</span><span>[</span><span>modifier</span><span>]</span><span>PatternValue</span><span>|</span><span>样式值</span><span>│</span><span>└──</span><span>[</span><span>CoEvent</span><span>]</span><span>able</span><span>|</span><span>能</span><span>│</span><span>└──</span><span>[</span><span>scope</span><span>]</span><span>bring</span><span>|</span><span>携带</span><span>│</span><span>└──</span><span>[</span><span>patient</span><span>]</span><span>$</span><span>└──</span><span>[</span><span>patient</span><span>]</span><span>SpeBrand</span><span>|</span><span>特定牌子</span><span>Display</span><span>#1 sememe tree</span><span>[</span><span>sense</span><span>]</span><span>苹果</span><span>└──</span><span>[</span><span>None</span><span>]</span><span>fruit</span><span>|</span><span>水果</span></pre><p>为了提高搜索过程的效率，可以指定目标单词的语言如下。在</p><pre><span>&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span>result_list</span><span>=</span><span>hownet_dict</span><span>.</span><span>get</span><span>(</span><span>"苹果"</span><span>,</span><span>language</span><span>=</span><span>"zh"</span><span>)</span><span>&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span>print</span><span>(</span><span>"Number of monolingual results: "</span><span>,</span><span>len</span><span>(</span><span>result_list</span><span>))</span><span>Number</span><span>of</span><span>monolingual</span><span>results</span><span>:</span><span>6</span><span>&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span>print</span><span>(</span><span>"Example of monolingual results: "</span><span>,</span><span>result_list</span><span>[</span><span>])</span><span>Example</span><span>of</span><span>monolingual</span><span>results</span><span>:</span><span>{</span><span>'Def'</span><span>:</span><span>'{computer|电脑:modifier={PatternValue|样式值:CoEvent={able|能:scope={bring|携带:patient={$}}}}{SpeBrand|特定牌子}}'</span><span>,</span><span>'en_grammar'</span><span>:</span><span>'noun'</span><span>,</span><span>'zh_grammar'</span><span>:</span><span>'noun'</span><span>,</span><span>'No'</span><span>:</span><span>'127151'</span><span>,</span><span>'syn'</span><span>:</span><span>[{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'004024'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'IBM'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'041684'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'戴尔'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'049006'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'东芝'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'106795'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'联想'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'156029'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'索尼'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'004203'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'iPad'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019457'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记本'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019458'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记本电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019459'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'</span><span>:</span><span>'笔记本电脑'</span><span>},</span><span>{</span><span>'id'</span><span>:</span><span>'019460'</span><span>,</span><span>'text'<hr><h1 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